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Finally, we briefly review a possible formation mechanism of black holes that are pierced by cosmic strings and discuss under which conditions we can expect such objects to be present as supermassive black holes in the center of galaxies. Measuring these patterns can provide us with a way of determining the value of the coefficient of the mixed anomaly between electromagnetism and the symmetry that gave rise to the cosmic string. For several parameter choices, we determine concrete polarization patterns in the ring. The structure emerges due to an Aharonov-Bohm type effect that leads to a change of the polarization directions of linear polarized photons when they circle the black hole. We show that the coupling 𝜙 F \( \overset \) between the axion 𝜙 and the photon can give rise to a unique polarimetric structure of the photon ring. Here, we study the photon ring of a rotating black hole which is pierced by a global hyper-light axion-type cosmic string. A black hole image contains a bright ring of photons that have closely circled the black hole on their way from the source to the detector.
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